My recommendation would be for each student to find a few applications that interest them from the list below and try to install, configure, and setup the software. Maybe this could be in supplement to a common installation that you all do as a class (i.e. nextcloud, or wordpress, or something). Best way for them to learn is going to be for them to explore and test out new things, and even more so if the subject matter is something they’re interested in
Edit: wow… I’m blind. Didn’t see you already linked to this page. It’s still early, so I’ll blame my coffee not kicking in yet
What’s the desired outcome? Just to play or to have a service running that they use and maintain?
If it’s just to play I’d recommend getting them to setup a LAMP stack from scratch with multiple vhosts and seperate users. Would cover just about all the Linux basics doing this.
Setup a light desktop environment like LXQT, plus a light torrent client (like Qtransmission), then let them download their preferential porn Linux source-code for learning purposes.
Maybe install a selfhosted gitea server and learn git using it?
Installing gitea should cover some basics (editing files on linux, setting up NGiNX reverse proxy and SSL, using cron for Let’s Encrypt, setting up services on Linux, etc. etc.), and IMO everyone should learn git.